Census of India 2011

From: IAS (Indian Administrative Service Aspirant's blog)

Current Population of India in 2011	1,210,193,422 (1.21 billion)
Total Male Population in India	623,700,000 (623.7 million)
Total Female Population in India	586,500,000 (586.5 million)
Sex Ratio	940 females per 1,000 males
Age structure
0 to 25 years	50% of India's current population
Currently, there are about 51 births in India in a minute.
India's Population in 2001	1.02 billion
Population of India in 1947	350 million

Current Population of India - India, with 1,210,193,422 (1.21 billion) people is the second most populous country in the world, while China is on the top with over 1,350,044,605 (1.35 billion) people. The figures show that India represents almost 17.31% of the world's population, which means one out of six people on this planet live in India. Although, the crown of the world's most populous country is on China's head for decades, India is all set to take the numero uno position by 2030. With the population growth rate at 1.58%, India is predicted to have more than 1.53 billion people by the end of 2030.

More than 50% of India's current population is below the age of 25 and over 65% below the age of 35. About 72.2% of the population lives in some 638,000 villages and the rest 27.8% in about 5,480 towns and urban agglomerations. The birth rate (child births per 1,000 people per year) is 22.22 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) while death rate (deaths per 1000 individuals per year) is 6.4 deaths/1,000 population. Fertility rate is 2.72 children born/woman (NFHS-3, 2008) and Infant mortality rate is 30.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 estimated). India has the largest illiterate population in the world. The literacy rate of India as per 2001 Population Census is 65.38%, with male literacy rate at 75.96% and female at 54.28%. Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 90.86%, Mizoram (88.80%) is on the second position and Lakshadweep (86.66%) is on third.

Every year, India adds more people than any other nation in the world, and in fact the individual population of some of its states is equal to the total population of many countries. For example, Population of Uttar Pradesh (state in India) almost equals to the population of Brazil. It, as per 2001 Population Census of India, has 190 million people and the growth rate is 16.16%. The population of the second most populous state Maharashtra, which has a growth rate of 9.42%, is equal to that of Mexico's population. Bihar, with 8.07%, is the third most populous state in India and its population is more than Germany's. West Bengal with 7.79% growth rate, Andhra Pradesh (7.41%) and Tamil Nadu (6.07%) are at fourth, fifth and sixth positions respectively. The sex ratio of India stands at 933. Kerala with 1058 females per 1000 males is the state with the highest female sex ratio. Pondicherry (1001) is second, while Chhatisgarh (990) and Tamil Nadu (986) are at third and fourth places respectively. Haryana with 861 has the lowest female sex ratio.

Some of the reasons for India's rapidly growing population are poverty, illiteracy, high fertility rate, rapid decline in death rates or mortality rates and immigration from Bangladesh and Nepal. Alarmed by its swelling population, India started taking measures to stem the growth rate quite early. In fact India by launching the National Family Planning programme in 1952 became the first country in the world to have a population policy. The family planning programme yielded some noticeable results, bringing down significantly the country's fertility rate. In 1965-2009, the contraceptive usage more than tripled and the fertility rate more than halved. The efforts did produce positive results, however, failed to achieve the ultimate goal and the population of India since getting independence from Britain in 1947 increased almost three times. Whereas India has missed almost all its targets to bring the rate of population growth under control, China's 'One Child Policy' in 1978, has brought tremendous results for the latter. The policy claims to have prevented between 250 and 300 million births from 1978 to 2000 and 400 million births from 1979 to 2010.

Current Population of India 2011
Rank	State or union territory	Population (2011 Census)	Density (per km²)	Sex ratio
01	Uttar Pradesh	199,581,477	828	908
02	Maharashtra	112,372,972	365	946
03	Bihar	103,804,637	1102	916
04	West Bengal	91,347,736	1029	947
05	Andhra Pradesh	84,665,533	308	992
06	Madhya Pradesh	72,597,565	236	930
07	Tamil Nadu	72,138,958	555	995
08	Rajasthan	68,621,012	201	926
09	Karnataka	61,130,704	319	968
10	Gujarat	60,383,628	308	918
11	Odisha	41,947,358	269	978
12	Kerala	33,387,677	859	1,084
13	Jharkhand	32,966,238	414	947
14	Assam	31,169,272	397	954
15	Punjab	27,704,236	550	893
16	Haryana	25,353,081	573	877
17	Chhattisgarh	25,540,196	189	991
18	Jammu and Kashmir	12,548,926	56	883
19	Uttarakhand	10,116,752	189	963
20	Himachal Pradesh	6,856,509	123	974
21	Tripura	3,671,032	350	961
22	Meghalaya	2,964,007	132	986
23	Manipur	2,721,756	122	987
24	Nagaland	1,980,602	119	931
25	Goa	1,457,723	394	968
26	Arunachal Pradesh	1,382,611	17	920
27	Mizoram	1,091,014	52	975
28	Sikkim	607,688	86	889
UT1	Delhi	16,753,235	9,340	866
UT2	Puducherry	1,244,464	2,598	1,038
UT3	Chandigarh	1,054,686	9,252	818
UT4	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	379,944	46	878
UT5	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	342,853	698	775
UT6	Daman and Diu	242,911	2,169	618
UT7	Lakshadweep	64,429	2,013	946
Total	India	1,210,193,422	382	940